Nephrolithiasis in children.

1. Explain why a careful evaluation for nephrolithiasis is appropriate to help guide treatment and provide prognostic advice. 2. Discuss why patients who have nephrolithiasis should have a thorough metabolic evaluation, ideally while at home, not infected, and consuming their regular diet. 3. Explain how to prevent future stones in a patient who has nephrolithiasis, regardless of cause. 4. Describe the risk of recurrent stones in a patient who has a history of one or more calculi. 5. Discuss the consequences of the presence of urinary calculi.